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Colossus 1 - xAI

Colossus 1: xAI’s Ambitious 500 MW Energy Deployment

xAI’s Colossus 1 data center in Memphis, Tennessee has become one of the largest energy consumers among AI facilities in the United States. The project was built under strong opposition from the local community and has advanced rapidly in its power development. Today, the facility combines grid supply, on-site natural gas turbines, and battery storage to reach a combined capacity of nearly 500 MW, well above typical hyperscale data center power levels. Its expansion is happening alongside other xAI projects in the region, like the nearby Macroharder campus, raising questions about how rapidly AI infrastructure can scale, even within constrained energy systems.

Ana Valencia

Ana Valencia

Data Analyst

Stargate Site Plan - Phase 3

Stargate Files for Phase 3 Expansion in Abilene

Crusoe has filed plans for two new 336 MW data center buildings at the Stargate campus in Abilene, kicking off Phase 3 and expanding the project far beyond its initial eight-building design.

Daud Shiraz

Daud Shiraz

Data Analyst at aterio.io

Google’s $40 Billion Expansion + Securing Third-Party Capacity

Google’s $40 Billion Expansion + Securing Third-Party Capacity

Google’s new $40B Texas investment signals a sharp expansion in its data center strategy. Analysis of state permits, environmental filings, and Texas Comptroller data shows two self-built campuses advancing in Haskell County, a redesigned hyperscale project emerging in Armstrong County, and more than 1.08 GW of third-party-delivered capacity tied to Google across Skybox and Rowan developments. Combined with the potential Goodnight Campus footprint, Google’s Texas pipeline approaches 2.8 GW—far exceeding its recent build cycles and highlighting a clear shift toward faster, developer-supported growth.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Former Bitcoin Miners Are Powering the AI Boom

How Former Bitcoin Miners Are Powering the AI Boom

Former Bitcoin miners are rapidly converting their power-rich mining campuses into AI data centers, leveraging existing grid connections, low-cost energy, and high-density infrastructure.

Daud Shiraz

Daud Shiraz

Data Analyst at aterio.io

data-center-us-planned-

Inside the U.S. Hyperscaler Buildout: A Cycle Still Understated

Aterio’s latest analysis maps how U.S. hyperscalers are reshaping digital infrastructure. With nearly 500 active facilities and more than 1,000 additional projects, many still undisclosed, the scale of this buildout remains understated. Explore where capacity is concentrating, which states lead the next wave, and how this expansion is redefining U.S. investment geography.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

AI-generated depiction of the historic Pennhurst State Hospital transitioning into a modern data center

Massive Data Center Project Planned at Former Pennhurst State Hospital

A developer plans to turn the historic Pennhurst State Hospital in Pennsylvania into a 125-acre, 1.3M sq ft data center campus with five buildings and a substation. Once a mental institution, the site now faces public opposition as officials review the proposal that could transform it into a hub for AI and cloud infrastructure.

Daud Shiraz

Daud Shiraz

Data Analyst at aterio.io

stargate-tracking

Where Are OpenAI’s Five New Hyperscale Campuses Being Built?

OpenAI just announced five Stargate-scale AI campuses across the U.S., but didn’t name them. Aterio did. From Texas to Wisconsin, here’s where they’re building, how fast, and what’s already under construction.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Aterio’s Report on US Data Center developments, September, 2025

Aterio’s Report on US Data Center developments, September, 2025

September 2025 Data Center Report: Over 10.5 GW in new projects were filed in August, including Meta’s $4.8B Domino expansion and Crusoe’s Goodnight Campus in Texas. The report highlights zoning setbacks in Virginia, AWS withdrawals in Arizona, and accelerating buildouts across rural America. Aterio tracks 2,157 announced facilities and 500 under construction.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

crusoe-claude-texas-goodnight-campus-openai

Crusoe Launches $29B Goodnight Campus in Claude, Mirroring OpenAI’s Stargate

Crusoe has begun construction on the $29B Goodnight Data Center Campus in Claude, TX, a seven-building, 1 GW+ project designed as a copy-exact twin of the Abilene “Stargate” campus tied to OpenAI. Phase 1 includes four 490k-sq-ft buildings totaling 530 MW, with tax abatements securing long-term downside protection. With filings also linking the site to Serena’s 265.5 MW Goodnight Wind Farm, and Bloomberg reporting Crusoe’s pursuit of a $10B valuation, the Claude build cements Crusoe’s reputation as the fastest-moving hyperscale developer in the U.S.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Project Domino: Meta’s Midwestern $4.8 Billion AI Campus

Project Domino: Meta’s Midwestern $4.8 Billion AI Campus

Meta’s $4.8B Project Domino in Lebanon, Indiana marks a significant expansion of AI infrastructure in the Midwest. The plan includes over 4.6 million square feet of development, with 12 data center buildings and a dedicated AI-Network facility. Satellite imagery confirms that construction is expected to begin in late 2025. For global investors, Domino reflects Meta’s growing focus on high-density, AI-specific campuses in emerging inland markets like Indiana and Louisiana.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

amazon_cancelled_data_centers

In Just Two Weeks, Local Pushback Halts 2.3GW of Amazon Data Center Projects

Within two weeks, Amazon scrapped major data center projects in Virginia and Arizona after community opposition over noise, water use, and local impacts. Despite zoning and strong partners, both plans were pulled, shelving 2.37GW of capacity and $10B+ in investment. Demand remains high, but local dynamics now define timelines.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

doe_accelerates_data_center_expansion

DOE Accelerates Data Center Expansion on Federal Land—Key Sites Identified in 4 States

The U.S. Department of Energy is fast-tracking large-scale AI data centers on federal land, selecting four initial sites in Idaho, Tennessee, Kentucky, and South Carolina. Backed by accelerated permitting and strong energy infrastructure, these projects present early opportunities for investors to capitalize on AI-driven growth while reducing risk by co-locating near federally supported assets.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

prometheus_meta_data_center_aterio by Google Earth

Inside Meta’s Prometheus Campus Shift

Meta is reshaping data center development at its Prometheus Campus in New Albany, Ohio, with a new tent-style design built for AI workloads. These hurricane-proof structures slash deployment time and increase regional power demand—signaling critical shifts for energy, infrastructure, and supply chain investors tracking U.S. hyperscale expansion.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Proposed Planning for Matrix Campus in Sulphur City, Texas

Before the Headlines: A 3GW AI Data Center Campus Quietly Rises in Sulphur Springs, TX

MSB Global has broken ground on an $18.7B hyperscale AI data center campus in Sulphur Springs, TX, with 3GW of planned capacity and net-zero ambitions. While largely unreported by major media, the Matrix Campus signals a major shift in East Texas digital infrastructure. Aterio tracks developments like these using permits, utility data, and satellite imagery to help energy developers, investors, and enterprises act early.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Vantage Virginia Data Center under construction

The Vantage Strategy: Building for the Edge of the Grid

Vantage Data Centers is one of the fastest-growing players in North America’s digital infrastructure ecosystem. According to Aterio.io data, it operates 52 data centers across the United States. Backed by Silver Lake, a leading global technology investment firm.

Sergio Toro

Sergio Toro

Chief Executive at aterio.io

Data Center development and construction in June 2025

Aterio’s Report on US Data Center developments, June, 2025

In May, satellite imagery analyzed by Aterio provided critical visibility into the actual progress and delays across major U.S. data center campuses. While many projects continue on schedule or ahead of pace, others are showing signs of strategic pause or reassessment

Sergio Toro

Sergio Toro

Chief Executive at aterio.io

How much power will data centers in Texas need by 2030?

How much power will data centers in Texas need by 2030?

How much power will data centers in Texas need by 2030? According to Aterio’s latest forecast, demand will reach 12.12 GW — up from 4.71 GW in 2025. That’s a 7.41 GW increase in just five years — enough to power 6 million homes.

Sergio Toro

Sergio Toro

Chief Executive at aterio.io

How Big Is Virginia’s Role in the Future of Cloud and AI Infrastructure?

How Big Is Virginia’s Role in the Future of Cloud and AI Infrastructure?

Virginia is home to the highest concentration of data centers in the U.S., with 729 facilities and over 150 million square feet of space powering everything from hyperscale cloud operations to AI workloads. As demand for digital infrastructure surges, global investors are tracking energy capacity, development trends, and growth hotspots like Fredericksburg and Prince William County — making Virginia a focal point in the future of data and power.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Aterio’s Report on US Data Center developments, April, 2025

Aterio’s Report on US Data Center developments, April, 2025

Discover Aterio’s March 2025 US Data Center Insights: 178 new announcements, major hyperscaler moves, and over 1,200 MW of planned capacity. Key highlights include Google’s $3B expansion in Oklahoma, Skybox’s 25% share of total capacity, STACK’s steady growth, and $100B in AI infrastructure investments from leading firms like BlackRock and NVIDIA.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

Microsoft to invest $765 Millions in two new Data Centers in Texas

Microsoft to invest $765 Millions in two new Data Centers in Texas

Microsoft is expanding its Texas data center footprint with SAT89 and SAT90, two 244,700 sq. ft. facilities near San Antonio. The $765 million investment will bring Microsoft’s total owned capacity in the region to 5.7+ million sq. ft., with operations expected to begin before Q4 2028.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

Where the Money Flows: $325B Data Center Boom Fuels Cloud, AI, and Behind-the-Meter Innovations

Where the Money Flows: $325B Data Center Boom Fuels Cloud, AI, and Behind-the-Meter Innovations

This blog delves into the monumental $325 billion CAPEX surge by hyperscalers such as Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, and Google, highlighting where the capital is flowing in today’s tech landscape. It examines how these investments are being channeled into massive data center construction, advanced hardware like GPUs for AI and cloud services, and innovative behind-the-meter energy solutions designed to overcome grid constraints. Additionally, the blog explores the impressive pipeline of over 47 million square feet already in development, with an additional 80+ million square feet announced for future projects.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

Blackstone Strategic Investment Acquiring the Potomac Energy Center

Blackstone Strategic Investment Acquiring the Potomac Energy Center

The Potomac Energy Center, a 774 MW natural gas power plant in Loudoun County, Virginia, recently acquired by Blackstone, highlights the growing intersection of energy and digital infrastructure. Situated in “Data Center Alley,” which hosts 25% of the U.S.’s data center capacity, this plant is strategically located within a 2-mile radius of 11 operational data centers and 21 hyperscale facilities projected to launch in the next seven years.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

How Much Power Would a Data Center with 30,000 GPUs Consume in a year?

How Much Power Would a Data Center with 30,000 GPUs Consume in a year?

This blog explores the energy consumption and costs associated with a data center housing 30,000 GPUs, using the NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD with H100 GPUs as a benchmark. With a PUE of 1.15 and an 80% utilization rate, the data center consumes approximately 35.2 MW of power, resulting in an annual electricity cost of $25.35 million. Energy alone accounts for a significant 30-40% of total operating costs (TOC), emphasizing the importance of optimizing efficiency to manage the financial and environmental impact of modern AI and HPC infrastructure.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

It costs $1 Billion to Transmit 1,000 MW

It costs $1 Billion to Transmit 1,000 MW

Dominion Energy recently estimated that upgrading its regional transmission infrastructure to handle an additional 10,000 megawatts (MW) of demand will cost around $10 billion. That means each 1,000 MW requires approximately $1 billion in investment.

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

Is Scaling the Key to Achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

Is Scaling the Key to Achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

Scaling AI to AGI demands immense computational resources, driving major investments in state-of-the-art data centers. Microsoft, which hosts most of OpenAI's digital infrastructure, spent over $50 billion last year on capital expenditures, primarily for data center construction, and has committed an additional $80 billion for this fiscal year to further develop AI-enabled data centers(source).

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

A New ‘Data Center Alley’ in the Making? Fredericksburg the Next Data Center Boomtown in Virginia

A New ‘Data Center Alley’ in the Making? Fredericksburg the Next Data Center Boomtown in Virginia

Discover why Fredericksburg is becoming the next big data center hub with 22 million square feet planned across 8 campuses within a 7.53-mile radius. Leading providers like AWS and Power are driving this transformation as Northern Virginia faces constraints in land availability, power supply, and zoning regulations. Learn how this growing region is set to redefine digital infrastructure and attract significant economic opportunities.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

The Colossus AI Supercomputer

The Colossus AI Supercomputer

Elon Musk's Colossus AI Supercomputer is designed to handle massive computational workloads. Initially equipped with 100,000 GPUs, this supercomputer is set to scale up to a staggering 1 million GPUs

Aterio Research Team

Aterio Research Team

Research at Aterio

How far away are we from a 1 GW Data Center?

How far away are we from a 1 GW Data Center?

The quest for a 1-gigawatt (1GW) data center—the pinnacle of computational power—is not just a technical challenge but also an economic and logistical undertaking. While data centers are growing rapidly, achieving 1GW capacity introduces unique challenges in infrastructure, power, and technology.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io

What are Small Modular Nuclear Reactors?

Small Modular Nuclear Reactors in Data Centers

Discover the potential of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors (SMRs)—a new wave of safer, scalable, and flexible nuclear energy technology. Learn about key players like NuScale, Oklo, TerraPower, and more, as well as insights into the challenges and opportunities shaping the future of SMRs. Explore how Aterio.io provides market intelligence on this transformative energy sector.

Sergio Toro

Sergio Toro

Chief Executive at aterio.io

Where could project Stargate by Microsoft and OpenAI be built?

Where could project Stargate by Microsoft and OpenAI be built?

Uncover the buzz around Microsoft's and OpenAI's rumored Project Stargate, a transformative data center initiative poised to advance AI and cloud computing. Explore why Wisconsin and Iowa are top contenders, driven by renewable energy, economic incentives, and robust infrastructure. Stay ahead with insights from Aterio.io.

Javier Reyes

Javier Reyes

Data Analyst at aterio.io